CHEATSHEET

快速操作指南

配置环境 / SET UP ENV

macOS

Proxy

App Set

  • iTerm2
  • Paste
  • Magnet
  • Bartender
  • CleanMyMac
  • iStat Menu

Terminal

xcode-select --install
sudo xcodebuild -license

brew install md5sha1sum

System Trick

App can't be opened. You should move it to trash.

sudo xattr -rd com.apple.quarantine /Applications/[LockedApp].app

or

sudo spctl --master-disable

Linux / Unix

Initialize

Public

Shell

apt install zsh
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
apt install neofetch
echo 'neofetch' >> ~/.zshrc
# echo 'export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8' >> ~/.zshrc

Install

vim curl git unzip
htop ncdu lsb-release
byobu
aria2
python python-pip python3 python3-pip 
build-essential

ssh root login

sudo -i
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

PermitRootLogin yes
PasswordAuthentication yes

service sshd restart
/etc/init.d/ssh restart
systemctl restart sshd.service

curl https://github.com/dimpurr.keys >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
passwd root

Ubuntu/Debian (apt)

https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/ubuntu.html

sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

sudo sed -i 's/httpredir.debian.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

16.04 https://www.cnblogs.com/moonlightpoet/p/5615602.html

fcitx

export XIM_PROGRAM=fcitx
export XIM=fcitx
export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"

sudo vim /var/lib/snapd/desktop/applications/telegram-desktop_telegram-desktop.desktop
env QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx /opt/telegram/Telegram -- %u

DE Usage

  • change source
  • set DPI
  • reboot

HiDPI

sudo vim /etc/chromium-browser/default
CHROMIUM_FLAGS=”--force-device-scale-factor=1.5”

Proxmox

proxmox 源

#删除企业源
rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-enterprise.list 
##下载秘钥
wget http://download.proxmox.com/debian/proxmox-ve-release-5.x.gpg -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-5.x.gpg
#添加社区源
echo "deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/proxmox/debian/pve buster pve-no-subscription" >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-no-subscription.list

去除订阅弹窗

sed -i "s/data.status !== 'Active'/false/g" /usr/share/javascript/proxmox-widget-toolkit/proxmoxlib.js

debian 源

echo "deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free" > /etc/apt/sources.list

显卡直通

AMD ATI Radeon VII
➜  ~ vim /etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet video=efifb:off amd_iommu=on pcie_acs_override=downstream"
➜  ~ update-grub
➜  ~ dmesg | grep -e DMAR -e IOMMU
[    0.610544] pci 0000:00:00.2: AMD-Vi: IOMMU performance counters supported
[    0.617178] pci 0000:00:00.2: AMD-Vi: Found IOMMU cap 0x40
[    0.619136] perf/amd_iommu: Detected AMD IOMMU #0 (2 banks, 4 counters/bank).
➜  ~ lspci -nn | grep Radeon
2c:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Vega 20 [Radeon VII] [1002:66af] (rev c1)
2c:00.1 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Vega 20 HDMI Audio [Radeon VII] [1002:ab20]
➜  ~ lspci -vv -s 2c:00.0 |grep drive
  Kernel driver in use: amdgpu
➜  ~ lspci -vv -s 2c:00.1 |grep drive
  Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
➜  ~ vim /etc/modprobe.d/pve-blacklist.conf
blacklist nvidiafb
blacklist nouveau
blacklist nvidia
blacklist radeon
blacklist amdgpu
blacklist snd_hda_intel
➜  ~ echo "options vfio-pci ids=1002:66af,1002:ab20" > /etc/modprobe.d/vfio.conf
➜  ~ update-initramfs -u -k all
➜  ~ reboot
Intel 核显
vim /etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on video=efifb:off"
update-grub

vim /etc/modules
vfio
vfio_iommu_type1
vfio_pci
vfio_virqfd

echo "blacklist nouveau" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
echo "blacklist radeon" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
echo "blacklist nvidia" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
echo "blacklist snd_hda_intel" >> /etc/modprobe.d/pve-blacklist.conf
echo "blacklist snd_hda_codec_hdmi" >> /etc/modprobe.d/pve-blacklist.conf
echo "blacklist i915" >> /etc/modprobe.d/pve-blacklist.conf
update-initramfs -u

lspci -nn | grep VGA
echo "options vfio-pci ids=8086:3e90" > /etc/modprobe.d/vfio.conf
update-initramfs -u -k all

reboot

lsmod | grep vfio
lspci -nnk
lspci -vvv -s 00:02.0

Manjaro (pacman)

OpenSUSE

OpenWRT/lede (opkg)

https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/brew.html

sed -i 's_downloads\.lede-project\.org_mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/lede_' /etc/opkg/distfeeds.conf
sed -i 's_downloads\.openwrt\.org_mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/lede_' /etc/opkg/distfeeds.conf

CentOS (yum)

yum install epel-release -y
yum clean all && yum makecache

masOS (brew)

https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/brew.html

cd "$(brew --repo)"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git

cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git

echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

other

locale (perl)

dpkg-reconfigure locales

Tools

curl cip.cc

Cheatsheets

byobu

F2                 打开一个新的窗口
F3                进入前一个窗口
F4                 进入后一个窗口
F9                打开byobu菜单，查看帮助信息和配置信息
F12                锁住屏幕
F6                  断开链接

dotfile

.zshrc

alias cdw="cd /home/wwwroot/"
alias cdnc="cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/"

App Solutions

Telegram

Mac

  • Telegram

Android

  • Telegram
  • Telegram X
  • Plus Messenger

iOS

  • Telegram
  • Telegram X
  • Nicegram

Chrome

Public Envs

Dev Envs

ssh keygen

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
> Agent pid 59566
ssh-add -K ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Python

# 临时使用
pip install -i https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple package
# 设为默认：升级 pip 到最新的版本 (>=10.0.0) 后进行配置
pip install -i https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple pip -U
pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple

Node

  • n
  • nvm
Yarn
npm cache clean --force
yarn cache clean
Source
npm config get registry  
// 查看npm当前镜像源
npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org/  
// 设置npm镜像源为淘宝镜像
yarn config get registry  
// 查看yarn当前镜像源
yarn config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org/  
// 设置yarn镜像源为淘宝镜像

Python

  • virtual envs
生成requirements.txt文件
pip freeze > requirements.txt

安装requirements.txt依赖
pip install -r requirements.txt

Proxys

apt install shadowsocks-libev proxychains proxychains-ng privoxy

pip install shadowsocks


ss-local -c sslocal.json

/etc/shadowsocks/config.json
{
    "server":"my_server_ip",
    "server_port":8388,
    "local_address": "127.0.0.1",
    "local_port":1080,
    "password":"mypassword",
    "timeout":300,
    "method":"aes-256-cfb",
    "fast_open": false,
    "workers": 1,
    "prefer_ipv6": false
}

/etc/proxychains4.conf
/etc/proxychains.conf
socks5 127.0.0.1 1080

 /etc/privoxy/config
 # 使用的 socks5 代理地址是 127.0.0.1:1080
forward-socks5  /   127.0.0.1:1080  .
# 暴露出来的 http 代理地址是 localhost:1081 (default 8118
listen-address  localhost:1081

sudo systemctl restart privoxy

export https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:8118 http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:8118 all_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:1080
unix
export https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890 http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890 all_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:7891
export ALL_PROXY="socks5://127.0.0.1:7891"
apt
sudo apt -o Acquire::http::proxy="http://127.0.0.1:7890/"

sudo touch /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf
sudo vi /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf

Acquire {
  HTTP::proxy "http://127.0.0.1:7890";
  HTTPS::proxy "http://127.0.0.1:7890";
}

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://user:password@proxy.server:port/";
Acquire::https::Proxy "http://user:password@proxy.server:port/";
snap
sudo snap set system proxy.http="http://127.0.0.1:7890"
sudo snap set system proxy.https="http://127.0.0.1:7890"
win
set http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890
set https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890
set http_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:7891
set https_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:7891
# unset
set http_proxy=
set https_proxy=
git
git config --global http.proxy http://127.0.0.1:7890
git config --global https.proxy http://127.0.0.1:7890
git config --global http.proxy socks5://127.0.0.1:7891
git config --global https.proxy socks5://127.0.0.1:7891
git config --global --unset http.proxy
git config --global --unset https.proxy
npm
npm config set proxy http://127.0.0.1:7890

Soft

Visual Studio Code

Exts

  • GitLens
  • stylus
  • vetur
  • pylint
  • prettier-eslint

Front End Vue + Stylus

yarn add -D prettier eslint-config-prettier eslint-plugin-prettier
yarn add -D eslint eslint-plugin-react eslint-config-airbnb eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y eslint-plugin-import eslint-import-resolver-webpack
.prettierc
{
  "singleQuote": true,
  "semi": true,
  "trailingComma": "es5"
}
.eslintrc
{
  "extends": ["airbnb", "prettier", "prettier/react"],
  "plugins": ["react", "prettier"],
  "rules": {
    "prettier/prettier": "error",
  }
}

lnmp

  • install nginx http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html
    • /usr/sbin/nginx
    • /etc/nginx/

php

before 18.04

apt-get install software-properties-common
add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
apt-get update
apt-get install php7.2
php -v

apt install mysql-server -y
mysql_secure_installation

mysql -uroot -p  #使用空密码进入控制台
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'your_password';  # your_password 修改为自己的密码

unity

mac
echo '#!/bin/bash
export HTTP_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:890
export HTTPS_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:7890
nohup "/Applications/Unity Hub.app/Contents/MacOS/Unity Hub" &>/dev/null &' > launchUnityHub.command
chmod +x launchUnityHub.command
win
@echo off
set HTTP_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:1080
set HTTPS_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:1080
start "" "C:\Program Files\Unity Hub\Unity Hub.exe"

cheat

解除端口占用

lsof

lsof -i:8080：查看8080端口占用
lsof abc.txt：显示开启文件abc.txt的进程
lsof -c abc：显示abc进程现在打开的文件
lsof -c -p 1234：列出进程号为1234的进程所打开的文件
lsof -g gid：显示归属gid的进程情况
lsof +d /usr/local/：显示目录下被进程开启的文件
lsof +D /usr/local/：同上，但是会搜索目录下的目录，时间较长
lsof -d 4：显示使用fd为4的进程
lsof -i -U：显示所有打开的端口和UNIX domain文件

kill -9 PID

Services

docker-compose

docker-compose up

vsftpd

apt install vsftpd 

# cat /etc/vsftpd.conf | grep -v '^#';
# cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf | grep -v '^#';
vim /etc/vsftpd.conf

mkdir /home/ftp
mkdir /home/ftp/data
chmod -R 777 /home/ftp

useradd -d /home/ftp/data -s /sbin/nologin ftpuser
# userdel zhangxw service

mkdir /etc/vsftpd/
touch /etc/vsftpd/allowed_users
vim /etc/vsftpd/allowed_users

vsftpd restart
conf
# 禁止匿名用户登录
anonymous_enable=NO
# 允许系统用户登录
local_enable=YES
# 启用可以修改文件的 FTP 命令
write_enable=YES
# 本地用户创建文件的 umask 值
local_umask=022
# 允许为目录配置显示信息,显示每个目录下面的message_file文件的内容
dirmessage_enable=YES
# 开启日记功能 
xferlog_enable=YES
# 使用标准的20端口来连接ftp 
connect_from_port_20=YES
# 使用标准日志格式 
xferlog_std_format=YES
# 如果启动这项功能，则所有列在chroot_list_file之中的使用者不能更改根目录
chroot_list_enable=YES
# 指定限制的用户文件
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list


# ftp服务器将处于独立启动模式
listen=YES
# 设置一个本地用户登录后进入到的目录
local_root=/home/ftp
# ftp将检查userlist_file设置文件中指定的用户是否可以访问vsftpd服务器
userlist_enable=YES


# 设置PAM认证服务的配置文件名称，该文件保存在“/etc/pam.d/”目录下
pam_service_name=vsftpd
# 只允许user_list文件中记录的ftp用户能登录vsftp服务，其他的ftp用户都不可以登录。
userlist_deny=NO
# 定义限制/允许用户登录的文件
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/allowed_users  
# ftp服务器将使用tcp_wrappers作为主机访问控制模式
tcp_wrappers=YES
# 连接ftp服务费使用的端口
listen_port=21

wireguard

wg-quick up wg0 & wg-quick down wg0
systemctl start wg-quick@wg0

ShortKeys

Windows

虚拟桌面

  • Win + Tab
  • Win + Ctrl + D
  • Win + Ctrl + ←/→
  • Win + Ctrl + F4

任务栏

  • Shift + 单击任务栏按钮 打开另一个应用实例
  • Ctrl + Shift + 单击任务栏按钮 以管理员身份打开
  • Shift + 右键单击任务栏按钮 菜单
  • Ctrl + 单击分组任务栏按钮 循环浏览组的窗口